Place the butter in a 9 x 9 square baking dish and place it in the preheated oven for 3-4 minutes until completely melted. Remove from the oven and set aside.
Add the flour, sugar, baking powder, and salt to a medium bowl. Whisk to combine.
Pour the buttermilk, vanilla extract, and lemon extract into the dry ingredients. Whisk just until combined.
Pour the batter evenly over the melted butter. DO NOT STIR.
Spoon the lemon pie filling over the batter.
Place in the preheated oven and bake for 45-55 minutes until the edges of the cobbler are golden brown.
Let cool slightly before serving. Top with vanilla ice cream or whipped cream.